Chapter 14: AGING OF THE THYROID GLAND AND BASAL METABOLISM.

Book References

• Everitt, A.V.
  The thyroid gland, metabolic rate and aging, in Hypothamus, Pituitary and Aging.
  Everitt, A.V., Burges, J.A., Eds., Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1976, 511.

• Gregerman, R.I., Davis, P.J.
  Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on thyroid hormone economy. Intrinsic physiologic variables and non-thyroidal illness, in The Thyroid.
  Werner, S.C., Ingbar, S.H., Eds., Harper and Row, New York, 1978, 223.

• Ingbar, S.H.
  The influence of aging on the human thyroid hormone economy, in Geriatric Endocrinology.
  Greenblatt, R.B., Ed., Raven Press, New York, 1978, 13.

• Cole, G.M., Segall, P.E., Timiras, P.S.
  Hormones during aging in Hormones in Development and Aging.
  Vernadakis, A., Timiras, P.S., Eds., SP Medical & Scientific Books, New York, 1982, 477.

• Green, M.F.
  The endocrine system, in Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine.
  Pathy, M.S.J., Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1991, 1061.

• Studer, H., Riek, M.M., Greer, M.A.
  Multi-nodular goiter, in Endocrinology.
  Grune & Stratton, De Groot, L.J., Cahill, G.F., Odel, W.D., Eds., New York, 1979, 489.

• Chopra, I.J.
  Triiodothyronines in Health and Disease.
  Monographs in Endocrinology, Vol. 18, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1981.

• Collins, K.J.
  Autonomic failure and the elderly, in Autonomic Failure.
  Bannister, R., Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1983, 489, 33.

• Petersdorf, R.G.
  Disturbances of heart regulation, and chills and fever, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.
  Isselbacker, K.J., Adams, R.D., Braunwald, E., Petersdorf, R.G., Wildon, J.D., Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980, 43.

• Burrow, G.N.
  Thyroid hormone therapy in nonthyroid disorders, inThe Thyroid, A Fundamental and Clinical Text.
  Werner, S.C., Ingbar, S.H., Eds., Harper and Row, Hagerstown, MD, 1978, 974.

• Walker, R.F., Timiras, P.S.
  Pacemaker insufficiency and the onset of aging, in Cellular Pacemacers.
  Carpenter, D., Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1982, 345.

Journal References

• Grewe, F.A.E.
  Rejuvenation of the aged fowl through thyroid medication.
  Proc.R.Soc., 45, 252, 1924-1925.

• Robertson, T.B.
  The influence of thyroid alone and of thyroid administered together with nucleic acids upon the growth and longevity of the white mouse.
  Aust.J.Exp.Biol.Med.Sci., 5, 69, 1928.

• Herrmann, J., Heinen, E., Kroll, H.J., Rudorff, K.H., Kruskemper, H.L.
  Thyroid function and thyroid hormone metabolism in elderly people, low T3 syndrome in old age?
  Klin.Wochenschr., 59, 315, 1974.

• Ooka, H., Fujita, S., Yoshimoto, E.
  Pituitary-thyroid activity and longevity in neonatally thyroxine-treated rats.
  Mech.Ageing Dev., 22, 113, 1983.

MEDLINE References

• Mech Ageing Dev 1983 Jun;22(2):113-20: Ooka H; Fujita S; Yoshimoto E
  Pituitary-thyroid activity and longevity in neonatally thyroxine-treated rats.
  
• J Am Geriatr Soc 1987 Sep;35(9):843-54: Blumenthal HT; Perlstein IB
  The aging thyroid. I. A description of lesions and an analysis of their age and sex distribution.
  
• J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983 Feb;56(2):260-3: Hegedus L; Perrild H; Poulsen LR; Andersen JR; Holm B; Schnohr P; Jensen G; Hansen JM
  The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body weight, age, and sex in normal subjects.
  
• J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1967 Jan;27(1):93-105: Gregerman RI; Solomon N
  Acceleration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine turnover during bacterial pulmonary infections and fever: implications for the functional state of the thyroid during stress and in senescence.
  
• Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1977 Dec;7(6):481-93: Tunbridge WM; Evered DC; Hall R; Appleton D; Brewis M; Clark F; Evans JG; Young E; Bird T; Smith PA
  The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey.
  
• J Gerontol 1991 Jan;46(1):B39-44: Runnels BL; Garry PJ; Hunt WC; Standefer JC
  Thyroid function in a healthy elderly population: implications for clinical evaluation.
  
• J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975 Jul;41(1):27-40: Bermudez F; Surks MI; Oppenheimer JH
  High incidence of decreased serum triiodothyronine concentration in patients with nonthyroidal disease.
  
• Mech Ageing Dev 1979 Apr;10(1-2):151-6: Ooka H
  Changes in extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in vitro during development and aging of the rat.
  
• Mech Ageing Dev 1982 Jul;19(3):273-8: Choy VJ; Klemme WR; Timiras PS
  Variant forms of immunoreactive thyrotropin in aged rats.
  
• Geriatrics 1985 Dec;40(12):61-8: Rock RC
  Interpreting thyroid tests in the elderly: updated guidelines.
  
• Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977 Aug 22;77(4):1431-7: Klug TL; Adelman RC
  Evidence for a large thyrotropin and its accumulation during aging in rats.
  
• Aging (Milano) 1993 Feb;5(1):39-46: Murialdo G; Costelli P; Fonzi S; Parodi C; Torre F; Cenacchi T; Polleri A
  Circadian secretion of melatonin and thyrotropin in hospitalized aged patients.
  
• Endocrinology 1979 Apr;104(4):1136-42: Klug TL; Adelman RC
  Altered hypothalamic-pituitary regulation of thyrotropin in male rats during aging.
  
• Gerontol Clin (Basel) 1975;17(4):191-203: Blichert-Toft M; Hummer L; Dige-Petersen H
  Human serum thyrotrophin level and response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the aged.
  
• Endocrinol Jpn 1974 Oct;21(5):377-86: Ohara H; Kobayashi T; Shiraishi M; Wada T
  Thyroid function of the aged as viewed from the pituitary-thyroid system.
  
• Dev Neurosci 1979;2(5):213-24: Naidoo S; Timiras PS
  Effects of age on the metabolism of thyroid hormones by rat brain tissue in vitro.
  
• Endocrinology 1978 Feb;102(2):556-61: Eberhardt NL; Valcana T; Timiras PS
  Triiodothyronine nuclear receptors: an in vitro comparison of the binding of triiodothyronine to nuclei of adult rat liver, cerebral hemisphere, and anterior pituitary.
  
• Mech Ageing Dev 1985 Feb;29(2):181-9: Margarity M; Valcana T; Timiras PS
  Thyroxine deiodination, cytoplasmic distribution and nuclear binding of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in liver and brain of young and aged rats.
  
• Life Sci 1984 Apr 9;34(15):1487-96: Meisami E
  Complete recovery of growth deficits after reversal of PTU-induced postnatal hypothyroidism in the female rat: a model for catch-up growth.
  
• Psychoneuroendocrinology 1986;11(1):91-103: Tamasy V; Meisami E; Vallerga A; Timiras PS
  Rehabilitation from neonatal hypothyroidism: spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behavior, avoidance learning and responses of pituitary--thyroid axis to stress in male rats.
  
• Dev Psychobiol 1986 Nov;19(6):537-53: Tamasy V; Meisami E; Du JZ; Timiras PS
  Exploratory behavior, learning ability, and thyroid hormonal responses to stress in female rats rehabilitating from postnatal hypothyroidism.
  
• Am J Med 1980 Dec;69(6):807-10: Utiger RD
  Decreased extrathyroidal triiodothyronine production in nonthyroidal illness: benefit or harm?
  
• Br J Hosp Med 1987 Dec;38(6):506-8, 510-2, 514: Collins KJ
  Effects of cold on old people.
  
• Fed Proc 1975 Jan;34(1):83-5: Segall PE; Timiras PS
  Age-related changes in the thermoregulatory capacity of tryptophan-deficient rats.
  
• Mech Ageing Dev 1976 Mar-Apr;5(2):109-24: Segall PE; Timiras PS
  Patho-physiologic findings after chronic tryptophan deficiency in rats: a model for delayed growth and aging.
  
• Age Ageing 1976 May;5(2):91-101: Foster KG; Ellis FP; Dore C; Exton-Smith AN; Weiner JS
  Sweat responses in the aged.
  
• J Am Geriatr Soc 1985 Dec;33(12):859-63: Norman DC; Grahn D; Yoshikawa TT
  Fever and aging.
  
• J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980 Feb;50(2):286-93: Bantle JP; Dillmann WH; Oppenheimer JH; Bingham C; Runger GC
  Common clinical indices of thyroid hormone action: relationships to serum free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentration and estimated nuclear occupancy.
  
• Med Clin North Am 1983 Mar;67(2):497-516: Hurley JR
  Thyroid disease in the elderly.
  
• Ann Intern Med 1982 Jan;96(1):53-5: Rosenbaum RL; Barzel US
  Levothyroxine replacement dose for primary hypothyroidism decreases with age.
  
• Geriatrics 1982 Jan;37(1):135-50: Walfish PG; Gryfe CI
  Testing your older patient's thyroid function.
  
• J Am Geriatr Soc 1968 Jun;16(6):696-704: Wren JC
  Thyroid function and coronary atherosclerosis.
  
• Geriatrics 1985 Feb;40(2):63-5, 68-9: Gambert SR
  Atypical presentation of thyroid disease in the elderly.
  
• Arch Intern Med 1984 Jan;144(1):123-8: Klein I; Levey GS
  Unusual manifestations of hypothyroidism.
  
• J Am Geriatr Soc 1984 Aug;32(8):616-7: Heikoff LE; Luxenberg J; Feigenbaum LZ
  Low yield of screening for hypothyroidism in healthy elderly.
  
• Arch Intern Med 1985 Aug;145(8):1386-8: Sawin CT; Castelli WP; Hershman JM; McNamara P; Bacharach P
  The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study.
  
• Age Ageing 1984 Sep;13(5):293-303: Young RE; Jones SJ; Bewsher PD; Hedley AJ
  Age and the daily dose of thyroxine replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.
  
• J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987 Oct;65(4):724-31: Endres DB; Morgan CH; Garry PJ; Omdahl JL
  Age-related changes in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and its biological action in healthy men and women.
  
• Exp Gerontol 1987;22(4):263-9: Wongsurawat N; Armbrecht HJ
  Comparison of calcium effect on in vitro calcitonin and parathyroid hormone release by young and aged thyroparathyroid glands.