Oort Cloud References

Sources for the Oort Cloud:

• The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud from The Nine Planets by Bill Arnett (@SEDS)
• The Kuiper Belt and The Oort Cloud from The Nine Planets by Bill Arnett (@UCSD)
• Oort Cloud (@ zebu.uoregon.edu)
• The Oort Cloud from Views of the Solar System by Rosanna L. Hamilton
• Oort Cloud-Long Period Comets by David C. Jewitt
• Oort Cloud and Oort Constants in Treasure Trove of Astronomy by Eric W. Weisstein
• Earth and Sky information on "The Oort Cloud"
• Discussion of Isaac Asimov's comments on the Oort Cloud
• How are the Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt believed to have originated?
• Traveller Library Data: Oort Cloud
• What is the Oort Cloud?
• Sci Seeker's Guide to the Solar System: Oort Cloud
• The Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt in Space Exploration by Scott Sivakoff
• Oort Cloud & Kuiper Belt
• The Comet Primer
• Exploring Comets - Orbits and Origins of Comets
• Doom star may be heading our way from New Scientist
• U. Mass Astronomy 100handout on comets
• Comet Impact on McMaster (lecture by Dr. Jane Luu)
• Comets: What are they, where do they come from, and where are they going? [Lecture for the Quincy Bog, Rumney N. H., August 13 1997] by Leslie A. Young
• Astronomers Find New Mini-Planet Beyond Pluto
• Comet Orbits
• Comets, Asteroids and Small-Body Interrelationships
• Where do Comets come from?
• Oort Cloud Observable?  [answer]

Scientific Papers:

• Oort, J. H., "The structure of a cloud of comets surrounding the solar system and a hypothesis concerning its structure", Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 11:91-110 (1950).
• Stern, S.A., and J.M. Shull, "The Influence of Supernovae and Passing Stars on Comets in the Oort Cloud", Nature 332:407-411 (1986).
• Stern, S.A., "Collisions in the Oort Cloud", Icarus 73:499-502 (1988).
• Matese, J. J., Whitman, P. G., Innanen, K. & Valtonen, M. J., "Periodic Modulation of the Oort Cloud Comet Flux by the Adiabatically Changing Galactic Tide", Icarus 116:225-268 (1995).
• Valtonen, M.J., Zheng, J.-Q., Matese, J.J. & Whitman, P.G. "Near-Earth populations of bodies coming from Oort Cloud and their impacts with planets", Earth, Moon and Planets 71: 219-223 (1995).
• Paul R. Weissman, Long-Period Comets and the Oort Cloud, United Nations, New Earth Objects, New York City, New York, April 26-28, 1995. [JPL Technical Report]
• Zheng, J.-Q., Valtonen, M.J., Mikkola, S., Korpi, M. & Rickman, H., "Orbits of Short period comets captured from the Oort Cloud", Earth, Moon and Planets 72:45-50 (1996).
• Weissman, P. R. pp. 265-288 in Completing the Inventory of the Solar System, Rettig, T. W. & Hahn, J. M. (eds.) ASP Conf. Ser. 107, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, (1996).  [Estimates the Oort Cloud mass at 10-40 M.]
• Proceedings of the IAU Colloqium 165 "Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial

Celestial Bodies", Poznan, I.M. Wytrzyszczak, J.H. Lieske and R.A. Feldman (eds.) Kluwer Publishing, Amsterdam (1997)
• Zheng J. Q., Valtonen M. J., Rickman H., "Dynamics of Short Period Comets"
• Dybczynski P.A., Pretka H., "The Galactic Disk Tidal Force: The Simulated Population of Observable Oort Cloud"
• Myullyari A.A., V.V. Orlov, A.V. Petrova, "Effects of Galactic Field and Nearby Stars to the Dynamical Evolution of the Oort Cloud"
• Weissman, P. R., "The Oort Cloud", Scientific American 279(3):84-89, )September 1998). [ Estimated the Oort cloud has 6 trillion comets.  Average comet mass is 40 billion metric tons.]
• Stern, S. A. & Weissman, P. R., "Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud", Nature 409:589-591 (2001).  [Says the Oort cloud can only contain ~0.6-2 M. contributed from the giant planets and ~3.5 M in total.]

Periodicity of Oort Cloud Perturbations by Galactic Plane Crossings

• Perturbing the Oort Cloud, Michael Szpir, American Scientist (January-Febrary 1997).
• John Matese, Patrick Whitman, Mauri Valtonen, Kimmo Innanen, Icarus116:255 (1995).

John Matese, Daniel Whitmire, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, (November 20, 1996).

Conferences

• ASTEROIDS, COMETS, METEORS: ACM2002, Berlin, July 29 - August 2, 2002
• 6th Course/Workshop:  THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTENTIAL EARTH IMPACTORS: KNOW YOUR ENEMY, ERICE-SICILY: 17 - 25 JUNE 2001

Major Researchers:

• Paul R. Weissman: (JPL)
• David C. Jewitt (University of Hawaii)
• Jane Luu (Center for Astrophysics @ Harvard)

Unclassified links:

• From Beyond the Oort Cloud (fiction magazine)
• Oorttrip (@www.tortshel.demon.co.uk/)
• Oort Cloud and Space Stations (game)
• The Oort Continuum

Sources for the Kuiper Belt

• Kuiper Belt in Treasure Trove of Astronomy by Eric W. Weisstein
• Kuiper Belt Home Page and Bibliography and Trans-Neptunian Objects by David C. Jewitt
• List of Transneptunian Objects at the IAU: Minor Planet Center

Sources for Asteroids, Comets & other local hazards

• The SpaceWatch Project
• NASA's Near Earth Object Program
• The NEAT Project
• Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazards
• The LINEAR Project

Evolution of Solar System Sources

• Geos 105, Lecture 11 by Rob Slaven